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Acne
Acne is an inflammation of the sebaceous (oil) glands just
beneath the surface of the skin, this causing pimples,
blackheads (comedones), whiteheads and in extreme cases,
infected cysts and scarring. Acne usually tends to appear at
puberty, where the chest, shoulders and back can also be
infected.
At the start of adolescence, the activity of most glands
increases, causing the sebaceous glands to secrete a greater
amount sebum (the oil that lubricates the skin). This sebum
secretion becomes sticky, clogging the pores and causing them to
dilate. Sometimes these blocked pores become infected, with pus
and sebum building up beneath the skin, this forms large pimples
or cysts that often leave scars. In severe acne, the skin of the
upper body and face may be seriously damaged, and permanent
scars can result. Prompt medical attention is, therefore
extremely important.
Cases range from mild (grade 1) to severe (grade 4), affecting
four out of five teenagers. The cause of acne is not yet fully
understood, however, it is thought to be related to the
fluctuating hormone levels of puberty - male hormones are
produced in large quantities during puberty, and this appears to
affect the amount of sebum that is released. Although a balanced
diet is always important, there is no direct link between acne
and diet. Acne is not caused by fried foods or sweets, nor is it
a result of poor hygeine either.
Treatment:
- Cleanse the skin with a mild soap twice a day, to keep
oil, dirt and bacteria to a minimum.
- Do not squeeze or pick pimples, this will spread the
infection.
- Get adequate sleep and avoid stress and tension.
- Use acne medications cautiously, these are often very
drying and can irritate the skin.
- Cleanse the system by drinking at least eight glasses of
water a day.
- Benzoyl peroxide is often prescribed as this has a
germicidal activity which reduces the amount of bacteria on
the skin.
- Oral antibiotics taken in low-dosage over a period of
several months may also prove effective.
- Isotretinoin (synthetic form of Vitamin A) is often
prescribed for severe cases. Because of it's side-effects this
must only be used under hospital supervision, and should never
be used if there is any possibility of pregnancy.
- Some medications make acne worse - oral contraceptives,
steroids and anti-epileptic preparations are all worth
avoiding if possible.
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