Eczema (also called dermatitis) is one of the most troublesome
rashes in infancy and adulthood. This skin condition is
characterised by a red, itchy rash that may be moist or dry.
These symptoms may appear on any part of the body at any point
in life, and since there are a number of different kinds of
eczema, it is necessary to have the precise condition diagnosed,
so that the correct preventative measures can be adhered to and
the most effective treatment prescribed. Eczema is not
contagious (despite its ugly appearance), however, it should be
treated, as it may become aggravated if neglected.
Infantile eczema (atopic dermatitis)
This is often associated with allergies, being more common in
children who have a family history of allergic conditions, such
as, hay fever, asthma and eczema. This type of eczema often
clears by the time the child reaches her second birthday,
although it may recur from time to time later on in life.
Contact dermatitis:
Contact dermatitis is caused from repeated irritation by
domestic cleansers, alkalis or grease solvents, certain dyes and
cosmetics. In such cases, tests can be made on the skin to
determine the exact cause or causes (there may be several).
Avoiding the cause is often the best treatment - wear rubber
gloves when handlign household detergents and other chemicals,
nourish the skin frequently by applying a bland cream (such as
aqueous) during the day and a layer of glycerine at night ( you
may want to invest in a pair of cotton gloves to prevent the bed
covers from becoming stained).
Seborrhoeic dermatitis:
This form of eczema seems to develop where the sebaceous glands
are numerous, however its cause remains unknown - there is some
evidence to suggest that the fungus pitysporum ovale is
responsible for seborrhoeic dermatitis, as it has been found to
be present in large amount on the skin of sufferers. Seborrhoeic
dermatitis is usually present in adults rather than in children,
and is most common between the ages of 20 and 40 years.It can
be particularly bad around the ears, temples and eyes (blepharitis),
causing very bad dandruff. The ear canals may also be affected,
causing a condition called otitis externa.
Treating Eczema
Regardless of how mild or severe the eczema, it is very
important to avoid anything that may irritate it. This may
include highly perfumed soaps and cosmetics, detergents and hot
water. Avoid wool (as it is particularly irritating to the skin
of those prone to eczema) and synthetics such as nylon, as these
do not allow the skin to 'breathe'.
Emollients and Soap substitutes:
Oilatum emollient and aqueous cream, among others, can be used
as substitutes for soap, as well as to moisturise the affected
skin. It is important to establish a routine whereby the skin is
moisturised at least twice a day - this will prevent is from
cracking, ultimately resulting in severe discomfort. These can
be applied to the skin prior to bathing or added to the bath
water.
Steroid creams:
These should be used under medical supervision. 0,5% - 1%
hydrocortisone is usually sufficient for treating eczema in
children, and it is only in very severe cases that stronger
steroids such as, Betnovate or Eumovate are needed. Some people
are hypersensitive to hydrocortisone, in which case, applying
these will onkly worsen the condition.
Coal tar:
This treatment is also used effectively in cases of psoriasis.
It is quite a messy preparation, so it may be wise to apply it
to the skin, and then cover it with bandages - this is
especially helpful in children, where they tend to scratch the
area.
Antihistamines:
These are often used when treating infants and young children,
as they contain sedative properties which aids in preveting
incessant scratching at night. Given to adults, they may also
reduce the itching.
Antibiotics:
Secondary infection is common, and many sufferers of atopic
eczema report an improvement after a course of antibiotics.
These play an important role, especially in children, where
infection is more likely to set in.
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